Tag: Killings

  • Army arrest 21 suspects with links to Plateau killings [Photo]

    Army arrest 21 suspects with links to Plateau killings [Photo]

    The special military task force ‘Operation Safe Haven’ (OPSH) have confirmed arresting twenty-one suspects with links to the recent killings in Plateau State.

    Among them are those found with arms and suspected hoodlums who hijacked the protests sparked by the killings.

    The special task force comprises police, Air Force, Army and paramilitary security agencies.

    The suspects were paraded yesterday at the OPSH Headquarters in Jos by the media officer of the task force, Major Adam Umar and Police Public Relations Officer Tyopev Terna.

    Major Umar said: “Out of the 21 suspects we arrested so far, 11 of them are those arrested in connection to the killings in Barkin Ladi and environs while 14 of them were arrested from the scene of the civil disturbances after the attacks.

    He added: “In our efforts to fish out the criminals carrying out attacks in some villages in the state, particularly in Barkin Ladi, we have been able to arrest some people from the scene of attacks.

    The suspects we are parading were arrested with arms, some of them with locally made guns, revolver and other dangerous weapons which they are not supposed to have as citizens.

    Information we extracted from the original suspects led us to trace some other accomplices and we have also arrested them. And there is the possibility of making more arrests over those killings as we intensify our efforts to get to the root of these killings in pursuant of our mandate to stop the killings, prevent further killings and restore total peace in the state.

    In our commitment and desire not to give the attackers opportunity to operate or opportunity to escape after attack, the commander of OPSH has relocated to Barkin Ladi based on his resolve to remain with the villagers and monitor things closely and to be able to respond faster to distress calls from residents in danger.

    To be able to achieve better results in tracking these criminals, we are appealing to members of the public to oblige us with credible and useful information. This battle against these criminals should be seen by the general public as a collective one. We need everyone’s cooperation to do more than we are doing.”

    Most of the suspects paraded have blood stains on their dresses. One of the suspects wore military trousers. Some victims alleged that some of the assailants were dressed in military uniform.

    The task force did not however disclose the names of the suspects.

    The Plateau Government has reviewed the curfew it imposed in three local governments of Jos South, Riyom and Barkin Ladi to 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. daily

    On June 24, the Government of Plateau, imposed a 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. curfew in Jos to avert a further breakdown of law and order, following the killing of scores of people in some communities.

    The downward review of the curfew was announced in a statement yesterday by Secretary to the State Government Rufus Bature.

    The period of curfew earlier imposed on Jos South, Riyom and Barkin Ladi Local Government Areass has been reviewed.

    The period of the curfew is now 10pm to 6am daily,” Bature said.

    The statement advised citizens to go about their lawful duties and continue to be vigilant.

     

  • I’m not sponsoring killings, unrest in Plateau – Ex-gov Jang

    Immediate past governor of Plateau State and incumbent Senator representing Plateau North at the Senate, Jonah Jang, has said he is innocent of the killings in the state, particularly in his senatorial zone.

    Recall that the Northern zone of Plateau, comprising Barkin Ladi, Riyom, Jos South has been a centre of bloodshed in recent times.

    Speaking with reporters on Monday, the former governor queried: “Doesn’t that sound funny that Jonah Jang, a Berom man from Plateau State is organizing gunmen to come and kill Beroms or which killings are they talking about?

    Over 200 people have been killed in some local government areas here including Barkin Ladi, Riyom, Bassa, Bokkos, Mangu and somebody is protesting in Abuja that I am behind the killings.

    So I am the person who put the arms in the hands of criminals to come and kill my people so that I will be the only Berom man to live with my family or what? Does that make sense?”

    I have been hearing somebody making noise on the television alluding many things, and he has directed his Lawyers to write me and let him explain now else I will go and explain in the court.

    It is a pity that politics is turning to what it is in Nigeria. I believe that everything is being done to find a reason to incarcerate me so that I will not participate in the ongoing politics.

    I am the Senator representing Plateau North, I may be re-contesting the Senate, and I may be contesting a higher position. That decision is in the making and the PDP is working very hard to win the election on the Plateau and I am a key figure here on the Plateau. So, there seems to be a very deliberate plan to get me out of the way so that I don’t participate in any of the electoral processes.

    I just want to make it very clear that if this is the way our politics is going to be, then I am sorry to say that the democracy that we worked hard for; I was part of the G-18, G-34, that fought for this democracy to come, and the G34 formed the PDP, and PDP nurtured democracy for 16 years. But now, the APC as a party has come and wants to destroy it by trying to make sure that there is no opposition; they want Nigeria to become a one party state, and I believe that this is a subtle way of destroying democracy in Nigeria.

    Jang observed that the Peoples Democratic Party didn’t intimidate APC: “when they won, we handed over power to them without any crises. Today, President Jonathan is being acknowledged as one of the greatest democrat; he did not argue, he congratulated President Buhari when it was announced that President Buhari won the election and they shook hands.”

    He urged them to also be prepared to congratulate the PDP and hand over power in 2019 when its candidate wins. “That is how democracy works. But when you say you want to start intimidating opposition so that you remain in power, it will not work in a country like Nigeria, we are not a banana republic. We are a nation getting to about 200 million people, the biggest black nation in the world and every black man is looking up to Nigeria to set the pace and I don’t think this is the way we can go about it.”

    Jang charged the security agencies to live up to expectations. “When I took over power as Plateau Governor in 2007, this crisis was on; for eight years, I was struggling with the security to get this crisis resolved. Now again, it has gone into a wider dimension. We were talking about Plateau then, but now, we are talking about Plateau, Taraba, Benue, Zamfara, it is going even down to the southern part of the country.

    The security must stand up and live up to expectation. If the security is saying that the matter has gone beyond them, let the President ask the United Nations (UN) to come in.

  • Establish state police to end killings, attacks across Nigeria – Ekweremadu advises FG

    Establish state police to end killings, attacks across Nigeria – Ekweremadu advises FG

    The Deputy President of the Senate, Ike Ekweremadu, has called for the establishment of state police as the only panacea to stop killings across the country.

    This, he said, was necessary to stop the rising insecurity in the country, particularly the killing of over 100 people in 11 villages in Plateau State by armed Fulani herders.

    Recall that the recent killings has led to a public outcry with prominent Nigerians including the Senate President, Bukola Satraki calling on President Muhammadu Buhari to sack all the security chiefs for their alleged inability to secure the country and arrest perpetrators of killings across the country particularly Fulani herdsmen.

    But Ekeremadu argued that though the sacking of security chiefs might bring temporary relief, the decentralisation of the nation’s police would go a long way in stemming the tide of violence and killings in the country.

    According to him, those who were opposed to state police have changed their minds in the wake of unending killings across the country.

    He said the bill would be passed in “record time.”

    The Deputy Senate President was said to have given the indication during an interactive session with Fulbright Scholars, Exchange Scholars, and Graduate Students of the International Centre for Information and Nelson Mandela Institute of Research.

    It was his maiden lecture as a Professor and Senior Mentoring Scholar, E-Governance and Strategic Government Studies, at the Nelson Mandela School of Public Policy and Social Sciences, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.

    Ekweremadu was quoted in a statement issued in Abuja on Sunday by his Special Adviser on Media, Mr. Uche Anichukwu, as condemning the current system as “dysfunctional and unsuitable for a federal system.”

    He said, “As far as I am concerned, whatever we are doing now is certainly not working and we cannot continue to do the same thing and expect a different result.

    The real tragedy of the Plateau massacre is that we risk more attacks and loss of lives unless we decentralise our policing and allow every state at least to take its fate in its own hands.

    So, despite the failure of previous attempts to decentralise the police during constitution amendments, I will introduce a bill that will bring about state police or decentralised policing once I return to Nigeria.”

    The lawmaker pointed out that events in recent years had proven beyond reasonable doubts that the current centralised security system would never help the government to live up to its primary responsibility of improving the welfare of the people and the protection of their lives and property.

    I think people are now facing the stark reality. I have been getting calls from serving and former governors and key players and interests, who were opposed to the idea of state police. They confessed that they had seen what some of us have been shouting from the rooftops over the years. They want the bill introduced.

    The members of the (Nigeria) Governors’ Forum are also favourably disposed to the idea now. In fact, their Chairman, the Governor of Zamfara State (Abdulaziz Yari), one of the epicentres of the incessant killings recently ‘resigned’ his position as the chief security officer of his state as the current constitutional arrangement denies him the powers, manpower and resources to stem the killings in his state.

    The bill will also address the fears of Nigerians opposed to state police. Just like the judiciary, the bill will provide for a central police service commission and also structure the state police services in ways that immune them from abuse by any governor or state. It is also a bill we can conclude in record time,” Ekweremadu added.

    The Deputy Senate President stated that the killings had continued mainly because the federating states were not constitutionally allowed to recruit, train and equip enough manpower for the security of lives and property of citizens in their states.

    He said, “Unlike here in the United States where the component states, counties, big institutions set up police service to address their local needs, the Nigerian constitution vests the security of a very vast, multifarious and highly populated country in the hands of the Federal Government.

    The internal security of Nigeria depends on one man or woman, who sits in Abuja as the Inspector-General of Police. The governor of a state, though designated as the chief security officer of the state by the constitution, cannot direct the police commissioner of his state on security matters, the commissioner will have to clear with the Assistant Inspector-General of Police, who will clear with a Deputy Inspector-General of Police, who will also clear with the Inspector-General of Police, who may in turn need to clear with the President, who is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. By the time the clearance comes, if it ever does, it would have been late.

    Nigeria is the only federal system I know, which operates a unitary or centralised policing. Ironically, it was not the case in the beginning. The founding fathers agreed on a federal constitution which allowed the component units to set up local police organisations. But it was overturned by the military and successive civilian regimes have continued to play the ostrich.”

     

  • Sultan blasts Ortom, Fani-Kayode for linking herdsmen killings to Danfodio

    The Sultan of Sokoto, Alhaji Sa’ad Abubakar lll-led Jama’atu Nasril Islam on Tuesday knocked Governor Samuel Ortom of Benue State, and a former Aviation Minister, Femi Fani-Kayode, for linking the herdsmen killings across Benue, Taraba and other parts of the North, to the continuation of the late Usman Danfodio’s jihad.

    The Sultan is the President General of the JNI with its headquarters in Kaduna.

    The group warned the governor and his cohorts, not to take Nigerian Muslims for granted by denigrating the Muslim community.

    This was just as the JNI urged Nigerian Muslims to intensify prayers for peace as the 2019 general elections approach.

    The JNI added that the need for Muslims to pray for hitch-free polls became imperative as politicians continued to foment crisis in the land.

    He called on “Muslims to intensify prayers for peace to return to the nation and for a hitch-free 2019 general election as politicians are busy trying to cause crises with their unguarded utterances.”

    Saying that the group would not have reacted to the governor’s vituperation, but for the fact that it maligned the name of the revered Usman Danfodio.

    The JNI through its Secretary-General, Dr. Abubakar Khalid Aliyu, stated this in Kaduna on Tuesday.

    The group said, “This is a reaction to a recent interview granted by HE Samuel Ortom, Governor of Benue State to an online TV programme, The Osasu Show, in Makurdi, the state capital, and has been carried widely by both the print and electronic media, to the effect that the ongoing herders-farmers clashes in his state are a continuation of the Jihad of our revered Shehu Usman Danfodio.

    For the records, the governor is not alone in throwing these tantrums, Femi Fani Kayode, one-time Minister of Aviation during the reign of President Obasanjo has always said lots of unprintable things against Shehu Danfodio. This rejoinder is premised on the fact that Islam does not encourage its adherents to castigate other people of faith or fabricate lies against them but encourages that once the Ummah (Society) of Islam is frequently maligned, then it is incumbent on the society to defend itself, hence the need for this write-up.

    The Benue governor got it wrong, most likely because of his malicious intent to smear the revered personality of Shehu Danfodio who had said in a widely-quoted statement that: “Truth is an open wound, only justice can heal it.”

    It should be noted that the Benue State Government and the Tiv Traditional Council have overtime been yelling that the Fulani crisis at their end is a continuation of Danfodiyo’s jihad. A case in point was the 17th March, 2014 press statement with Reference Number TTC/P1/2 signed by Ber Godwin, Press Secretary to the Tor Tiv and the Tiv Area Traditional Council.

    We, therefore, call on all, particularly the Benue State Government and its cohorts not to take for granted the leadership of Nigerian Muslims over these unfortunate crises in the name of herders-farmers’ clashes, particularly at this very critical time when the security challenges in the country are so many. More so, it is Ramadan period, a time we Muslims are enjoined to be cautious and calm in our affairs.”

  • Democracy day: Let us mourn those murdered under Buhari’s govt – Atiku

    Former Vice President Atiku Abubakar has called on the Federal Government to tackle insecurity in the country rather than engage in endless diversionary accusation.

    Atiku, in a Democracy Day statement he personally signed which was released by his Media Office, in Abuja, on Monday, said the country’s current challenges required new thinking which should take into account the sacrifices made by democrats who fought hard to enthrone democracy.

    The Wazirin Adamawa said, “Even as we celebrate, my fellow patriots, let us spare some time to reflect and to mourn all those murdered in the ongoing needless killings across our dear country.

    “These Nigerians have been killed in the continuing murderous rampage of criminal elements across the country but especially in Borno and Yobe, and the Benue River Valley, stretching from Adamawa through Taraba to the confluence of Kogi and Benue, and including Nasarawa, Plateau, Southern Kaduna, and Zamfara.

    “Others have been killed by armed robbers, kidnappers, cattle rustlers and other marauding bandits. The killings have even extended to sacred places of worship where innocent Imams and Christian clergy and worshipers are slaughtered.”

    The former Vice President said the ongoing carnage had gone on for too long and must stop.

    He said only the government “could stop these senseless killings in Nigeria to avoid major and further damage to the fabric of our fragile unity.”

    Atiku said, “The recent history of Somalia, Rwanda, Burundi and the Central African Republic, among others, should be a strident warning to all of us, especially those in government whose primary responsibility is the protection of the citizens, but who have been dithering, making contradictory and ridiculous excuses and engaging in diversionary finger-pointing.”

    Atiku pointed out that we have mourned Nigerian souls lost to terror attacks enough for us to learn that it is insufficient that the Federal Government has an exclusive statutory mandate in providing security for our people.

  • Killings: Taraba govt, others reject Army’s report on Danjuma’s allegation

    The Taraba State Government and the Jukun Development Association of Nigeria (JDAN) have rejected the “no guilty” verdict of the Gen. John Nimyel’s panel, which investigated Gen. T.Y. Danjuma’s allegations of criminal acts of collusion by the army in the killings of innocent people in the state.

    In a statement issued yesterday by the Senior Special Assistant to the Governor on Media and Publicity, Bala Dan Abu, the government said it was baffled on why the panel would return a verdict of not guilty to the army, when military’s “atrocious activities” were documented and known within and outside the shores of Nigeria.

    The government described the report as an extension of the army’s bias, which “it exhibited and has continued to exhibit over the crises”.

    It said with the verdict, the army has proved once again the appropriateness of the popular axiom that one cannot and should not sit in judgment in a case in which it is also the accused.

    The army under General Tukur Buratai, lacks the courage, capacity and fair mindedness to do what is right to protect victims of the herdsmen massacres committed not only in Taraba State but also in Benue, Adamawa, Kaduna, Plateau, Zamfara and Kogi states,” the statement said.

    It said the verdict of not guilty did not surprise the people because they had watched in awe as the soldiers, who were meant to preserve lives and quell the marauding killings of the herdsmen, had looked the other way when the killings took place.

    We in Taraba State and all other Nigerians who have followed the Army’s shocking acts of looking the other way while the massacres raged in these parts of the country are not surprised by the verdict of ‘not guilty’, which the army panel returned in favour of the army. The case of the Army’s culpability in the killings is very widely known and acknowledged within and outside the shores of this country. It is on record that even Amnesty International had reason to condemn the Army’s lukewarm attitude to the killings in the past.

    The Army and other security agencies did not only fail to stop the killings anywhere and everywhere its soldiers were deployed, they deliberately promoted it by looking the other way so that the killers could have unhindered access to their unarmed and helpless victims.”

    JDAN, at a news conference in Ikoyi, Lagos, yesterday denounced the report and demanded the setting up of an independent judicial panel of enquiry to conduct an unbiased investigation into the allegations of military complicity in the killings.

    Its National President, Chief Bako Benjamin, had said the panel’s report, falls far short of expectations and can at best be described as a shoddy job fit for the waste bin.

    He lamented that rather than give hope of justice to the families of the innocent farmers and other villagers hacked down by the herdsmen, the Army merely engaged in “empty rhetoric” of setting up of panels to cleanse themselves of wrong doings, a practice, for which he said, they are becoming notorious for.

    According to him, the Nigerian Army yet again missed another opportunity to cleanse itself of allegations of gross abuse levelled against them by Gen. Theophilus Yakubu Danjuma and human rights organisations, including Amnesty International (AI).

    The Nigerian Army panel did a very poor and unprofessional job and wasted the opportunity to scribble their names in gold. The report is unacceptable to Jukun people and therefore it is hereby rejected in its entirety,” he said.

    He wondered why the principal characters (Fulani herdsmen) accused of precipitating the crisis that gave birth to Gen. Danjuma’s allegations were never mentioned in the report.

    The panel, he stated, almost completely avoided the main subject of the matter, which were the attacks and killing of farmers and innocent villagers, but was addressing porous borders and past misunderstandings between brothers in a deliberate attempt to stir up tempers and portray Jukuns as historically troublesome.

    It is also curious that the panel deliberately refused to use a single material out of the hundreds of documented paper works, audio and video recordings of witnesses, community leaders and youth groups with shocking and gruesome evidences of ethnic cleansing and genocide in more than 20 villages across southern Taraba,” he said.

     

  • Army kill 68 bandits, recover 17 motorcycles in Zamfara

    The Nigerian Army says it has killed 68 bandits, arrested six suspected kidnappers and recovered 17 motorcycles in Zamfara from April to date.

    The Brigade Commander, 1 Army Brigade Command Sokoto, Brig.-Gen. Udeagbala Kennedy disclosed this while handing over the six suspected kidnappers to the state Commissioner of Police Mr Kenneth Ebrimson at the State Police headquarters in Gusau on Tuesday.

    He recalled bandits attacked in Birane and Bawar-Daji villages in Anka and Zurmi Local Government Areas (LGAs) of the state in February and April which led to the death of 64 people.

    “The Nigerian Army and other security agencies commenced clearance operation to rid out all the bandits and curtail the banditry activities in the state.

    “Today military and other security agencies were able to carry out successful operation in all nooks and crannies of the state which led to the success recorded.

    “During the period, a number of casualties on banditry activities were recorded as follows, a total 68 bandits were killed between the first week of April to date and unfortunately we lost two of our gallant men – Capt. Muhammad and Private Mijinyawa.

    “Apart from the 17 recovered motorcycles from the killed and fleeing bandits, we also apprehended six suspected kidnappers and one-gun runner.

    “I am directed by the Army headquarters to hand over the suspects and the motorcycles to the state Commissioner of Police and Director, Department of State Service (DSS) for further investigation and I hope these activities will lead to the arrest of their colleagues,” he added.

    Responding, Ebrimson attributed the successes recorded to collaborative efforts among all the security agencies in fighting insecurity in the state.

    He assured residents that security agencies would continue to do their best to ensure that they fish out kidnappers, cattle rustlers and all other criminals in order to maintain peace and stability in the state.

    The CP appealed to communities to always cooperate and give information to security agencies in order to take appreciate security measures.

  • Danjuma’s allegations on Taraba killings baseless – Buratai

    The Nigerian Army on Friday said allegations against it by retired Gen. T.Y Danjuma that it colluded with the militia in Taraba State and refused to protect the people were untrue.

    The Chief of Army Staff, Lt.-Gen. Tukur Buratai, made this known at a news conference in Abuja where he gave details of the findings of the 10-member panel the Army constituted to probe the allegations.

    The panel, which comprised serving and retired army personnel, representatives of National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) and Civil Society Organisations (CSOs), was set up on April 10. It submitted its report of April 25.

    Danjuma, on March 24 at the convocation of Taraba State University in Jalingo, alleged that some troops on internal operation in Taraba colluded with killers and herdsmen who attacked communities in the state.

    He said that the troops failed to protect the residents against the attacks.

    “You must rise to protect yourselves from these people; if you depend on the armed forces to protect you, you will all die.

    “I ask all of you to be on the alert and defend your country, defend your state,” he admonished.

    Danjuma said that the unnecessary killings, which were akin to “an act of ethnic cleansing” being perpetrated against the people of Taraba specifically and Nigeria at large, must stop.

    He accused the military of being part of the killings.

    But Buratai, who was represented by Maj.-Gen. Nuhu Angbazo, Chief of Military/Civil Affairs, said: “With respect to the statement by Lt.-Gen. T.Y. Danjuma, it is clear that the allegations were not true.

    “There is a need to urge for caution on the part of the elder statesman in view of the security implication of such comments.’’

    Buratai exonerated the army, saying that there was no collusion between it and bandits in Taraba as alleged by the former chief of army staff.

    Rather, he said, there was “sustained media campaign to belittle Nigerian army and other security agencies’ operation in the state’’ without saying who was behind the campaign.

    He stated that the panel found that Taraba governor made several attempts to remove the Commanding Officer of 9 Battalion, Lt.-Col. I.B. Gambari, for “his refusal to be dragged into the state politics’’.

    Buratai also alleged that the chairman of Takum Local Government Area attempted to undermine the authority of the commanding officer but did not give details.

    He commended the officer and troops on operation in the state for their professional conduct.

    According to the army chief, most of the crises over the years in Taraba were, particularly in Takum, Wukari, Ussa, Donga and Sardauna Local Government Areas.

  • Killings: Buhari meets Army Chief, vows commitment to ending security challenges

    President Muhammadu Buhari on Thursday met behind closed doors with the Chief of Army Staff, Tukur Buratai, at the Presidential Villa, Abuja.

    The meeting, which was held behind closed doors inside the President’s office, centred on efforts being made by Army authorities to restore peace to troubled parts of the country.

    Buhari disclosed this in a message he posted on his verified Twitter handle, @MBuhari, after the meeting.

    The President said his administration’s commitment to peace and security of the country was total.

    Buhari wrote, “I received a briefing from the Chief of Army Staff this (Thursday) afternoon.

    “The Army recently established a new battalion in Birnin-Gwari, Kaduna State, in addition to other deployments in troubled parts of the country.

    “Our commitment to the peace and security of Nigeria is total.”

    Buratai was said to have briefed the President on the happenings in the Nigerian Army as well as the latest security situations across the country.

    Speaking to State House correspondents after the closed door meeting, Burutai said he was duty-bound to regularly brief the President on the activities of the Nigerian Army.

    Buratai reassured Nigerians that the Army would continue to collaborate with other security agencies to safeguard lives and property as well as protect the territorial integrity of the country.

    He said that the recent deployment of a battalion of soldiers to Birnin Gwari, Kaduna State, was in line with the Army’s guidelines.

    “We will continue to operate along with other security agencies that have been charged with the responsibility of securing our country.

    “The deployment of a battalion to Birnin Gwari in Kaduna State is in line with the Nigerian Army’s order of battle that was approved in 2016 and we are going to implement all the directives of our Commander-in-Chief, in order to achieve strategic objectives of the Nigerian government.

    “So, that is essentially why we had to deploy a battalion there and the soldiers will work alongside other security agencies,’’ he said.

    On the ongoing fight against Boko Haram insurgency, Buratai disclosed that the Nigerian Army had since commenced the construction of network of roads within the Sambisa forest to further consolidate the gains being recorded in the battle field.

    Buratai also reiterated the determination of the Nigerian army to turn the Sambisa forest into tourist and relaxation centres.

    “That is progressing very well and Nigerians should be rest assured that our Operation Last Halt will further consolidate on the achievements so far made and we hope the Internally Displaced Persons in that area will go back to their communities and pick up their lives again.’’

  • Again, Saraki summons IGP, DSS, Army over killings, abductions

    Senate President, Bukola Saraki has once again summoned the Inspector General of Police, alongside the Department of State Service and the Army to appear before the Senate to explain the reasons behind recent abductions in the country.

    Saraki on his Twitter handle on Wednesday noted that another 87 persons have been abducted off the “nation’s highways.”

    He added that the trend cannot be allowed to continue and therefore urged the security outfits to appear before the Senate.

    Saraki tweeted from his personal handle @bukolasaraki on Wednesday. “Another 87 people abducted off our nation’s highways. We cannot continue like this! We have once again requested the presence of the IGP, together with the SSS and the Army to explain to us, your representatives, why this continues to happen,” he tweeted.

    Recall that the Senate had earlier invited the IGP on three consecutive occasions but he (IGP) did not honour the invitation.