Tag: Vladimir Putin

  • RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR: Putin warns West on arms

    Following Western military supplies for Ukraine, Russian President, Vladimir Putin, has warned that any deliveries of longer-range rocket systems would prompt Moscow to hit “objects that we haven’t yet struck.”

     

    The Russian leader’s cryptic threat of military escalation did not specify what the new targets might be. It came days after the United States announced plans to deliver $700 million of security assistance for Ukraine that includes four precision-guided, medium-range rocket systems, as well as helicopters, Javelin anti-tank systems, radars, tactical vehicles and more.

     

    Military analysts say Russia hopes to overrun Ukraine’s embattled eastern industrial Donbas region, where Russia-backed separatists have fought the Ukrainian government since 2014, before the arrival of any U.S. weapons that might turn the tide. The Pentagon said last week that it will take at least three weeks to get the U.S. weapons onto the battlefield.

     

    Ukraine said the missiles aimed at the capital hit a train repair shop. Elsewhere, Russian airstrikes in the eastern city of Druzhkivka destroyed buildings and left at least one person dead, a Ukrainian official said. Residents described waking to the sound of missile strikes, with rubble and glass falling down around them.

     

    “It was like in a horror movie,” Svitlana Romashkina said.

     

    The Russian Defense Ministry said air-launched precision missiles were used to destroy workshops in the Donetsk region of eastern Ukraine, including in Druzhkivka, that were repairing damaged Ukrainian military equipment.

     

    Meanwhile, Ukraine’s General Staff said Russian forces fired five X-22 cruise missiles from the Caspian Sea toward Kyiv, and one was destroyed by air defenses. Four other missiles hit “infrastructure facilities,” but Ukraine said there were no casualties.

     

    Nuclear plant operator Energoatom said one cruise missile buzzed close to the Pivdennoukrainsk nuclear plant, 350 kilometers (220 miles) to the south, seemingly on its way to Kyiv. It warned of the possibility of a nuclear catastrophe if even one missile fragment had hit the facility.

     

    The missiles that struck Kyiv destroyed T-72 tanks supplied by Eastern European countries and other armored vehicles, the Russian Defense Ministry said on the Telegram app.

     

    Ukraine’s railway authority subsequently led reporters on a guided tour of a rail car repair plant in eastern Kyiv that it said was hit by four missiles. The authority said no military equipment had been stored there, and Associated Press reporters saw no remnants of any in the facility’s destroyed building.

     

    “There were no tanks, and you can just be witness to this.” said Serhiy Leshchenko, an adviser to the Ukrainian president’s office.

     

    However, a government adviser said on national TV that military infrastructure also was targeted. A building burning in an area near the destroyed rail car plant was seen. Two residents of that district said the warehouse-type structure that billowed smoke was part of a tank-repair facility. Police blocking access to the site told an AP reporter that military authorities had banned the taking of images there.

    Russia

     

    In a television interview that aired Sunday, Putin lashed out at Western deliveries of weapons to Ukraine, saying they aim to prolong the war.

     

    “All this fuss around additional deliveries of weapons, in my opinion, has only one goal: to drag out the armed conflict as much as possible,” Putin said. He insisted such supplies were unlikely to change the military situation for Ukraine’s government, which he said was merely making up for losses of similar rockets.

     

    If Kyiv gets longer-range rockets, he added, Moscow will “draw appropriate conclusions and use our means of destruction, which we have plenty of, in order to strike at those objects that we haven’t yet struck.”

     

    The U.S. has stopped short of offering Ukraine longer-range weapons that could fire deep into Russia. But the four medium-range High Mobility Artillery Rocket Systems in the security package include launchers on wheels that allow troops to strike a target and then quickly move away — which could be useful against Russian artillery on the battlefield.

     

    Moscow also accused the West on Sunday of closing off lines of communication by forcing Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov’s plane to cancel a trip to Serbia for talks Monday.

     

    Serbia’s neighbors closed their airspace to Lavrov’s plane, ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova told Italian television in comments reported by Russian news agencies. Earlier in the day, Serbian newspaper Vecernje Novosti had said that Bulgaria, North Macedonia and Montenegro would not allow Lavrov’s plane to come through.

     

    “This is another closed channel of communication,” Zakharova said.

     

    The Spanish daily El Pais reported Sunday that Spain planned to supply anti-aircraft missiles and up to 40 Leopard 2 A4 battle tanks to Ukraine. Spain’s Ministry of Defense did not comment on the report.

     

    Before Sunday’s early morning attack, Kyiv had not faced any such Russian airstrikes since the April 28 visit of U.N. Secretary-General António Guterres. The attack triggered air-raid alarms and showed that Russia still had the capability and willingness to hit at Ukraine’s heart, despite refocusing its efforts to capture Ukrainian territory in the east.

     

    In recent days, Russian forces have focused on capturing Ukraine’s eastern cities of Sievierodonetsk and Lysychansk. On Sunday they continued their push, with missile and airstrikes on cities and villages in the Donbas.

     

    In the cities of Sloviansk and Bakhmut, cars and military vehicles were seen speeding into town from the direction of the front line. Dozens of military doctors and paramedic ambulances worked to evacuate civilians and Ukrainian servicemen, and a hospital was busy treating the injured, many hurt by artillery shelling.

     

    The U.K. military said in its daily intelligence update that Ukrainian counterattacks in Sieverodonetsk were “likely blunting the operational momentum Russian forces previously gained through concentrating combat units and firepower.” Russian forces previously had been making a string of advances in the city, but Ukrainian fighters have pushed back in recent days.

     

    The statement also said Russia’s military was partly relying on reserve forces of Luhansk separatists.

     

    “These troops are poorly equipped and trained, and lack heavy equipment in comparison to regular Russian units,” the intelligence update said, adding that the move “indicates a desire to limit casualties suffered by regular Russian forces.”

     

    Both sides in the conflict have been waging an information war, especially on television, along with military attacks. Russia’s Tass news agency reported Sunday that Ukrainian forces had knocked out broadcast TV service in Donetsk, where it said a broadcast tower had toppled. Ukrainian authorities did not immediately confirm the attack.

     

    In the Azov Sea port of Mariupol, which Russia claimed to have captured in May following a brutal monthslong siege, a mayoral aide said water supplies contaminated by decomposing corpses and garbage were causing dysentery and posing a threat of cholera and other diseases.

     

    In remarks carried by Ukraine’s Unian news agency, Petro Andriushchenko said Russian authorities controlling the city have imposed a quarantine. He did not describe what measures Russian authorities had included, and his report could not be independently confirmed.

     

    World Health Organization officials warned last month about the threat of cholera and other infectious diseases in Mariupol.

     

    Also Sunday, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy traveled to the Zaporizhzhia region in the southeast, which is partly under Russian control. He received a battle report, thanked troops and met with refugees in what was only his second public visit outside the Kyiv area since the war began.

  • Vladimir Putin and the curse of swaggering militarism – By Dennis Onakinor

    Vladimir Putin and the curse of swaggering militarism – By Dennis Onakinor

    Dennis Onakinor goes back in time to explain the origins of President Vladimir Putin’s military swagger, which ineluctably occasioned his ongoing invasion of neighbouring Ukraine. Observing that it all began in March 2018, when Putin announced that Russia had successfully developed hypersonic missiles that were not yet available to any other country in the world, he goes on to show how the Russian leader’s belligerency assumed an implacable dimension in the aftermath of that announcement. He concludes that Putin and his country will inevitably suffer the curse of great power swaggering militarism in Ukraine, like the defunct Soviet Union in Afghanistan; and the US in Vietnam, Iraq, and Afghanistan.

    Until February 24, 2022, when he launched Russia’s ongoing brutal and bloody military campaign in Ukraine, President Vladimir Putin had cultivated the admirable public persona of an astute intellectual with a predilection for populist nationalism and social liberalism. That persona gained reinforcements in course of his carefully scripted public appearances, whence he captivated his audience with indisputable indebt knowledge of domestic and international affairs as he seamlessly toggled between basic developmental issues and esoteric phenomena such as nuclear technology and space exploration.

    Sometimes, he inadvertently portrayed himself as an angry global statesman, whose bellicosity is the product of persistent hostility from rival Western leaders, especially those of the US, whom he frequently accused of harboring a grand design to diminish and destroy his “Motherland.” Thus, he often went to great lengths in a bid to cast himself and his country as victims of Western-orchestrated geopolitical machinations, with his bamboozled audience empathizing with him even as his causes verged on selfish irredentism and militarism.

    As some critics have maintained, Putin’s propensity to draw empathy towards his cause is borne of his deeply ingrained ability to simultaneously simulate and dissimulate his surrounding circumstances, being a trained lawyer and a former agent of the dreaded Soviet secret service – KGB. One of such critics is no other than the US’ President Joe Biden, who had unequivocally labeled him a “Killer.” Apparently, Biden’s “Killer” label was irretrievably attached to the Russian strongman in light of several political assassinations allegedly linked to him: Alexander Litvinenko, Boris Berezovsky, Boris Nemtsov, Denis Voronenkov, Anna Politkovskaya, Sergei Yushenkov, etc. Of course, Alexei Navalny miraculously survived a nerve-agent poisoning, only to quickly end up in jail.

    The ongoing war in Ukraine further lends credence to Biden’s “Killer” label as Putin and his Russian forces continue to display utter disregard for the sanctity of human life in their barbaric and savage bloodletting. In what amounts to a punitive scotched-earth military campaign, they have been bombarding Ukrainian villages, towns, and cities into smoldering ruins. Sparing neither residential buildings nor hospitals, schools and churches, they leave a trail of death, destruction and misery in their wake, with women and children comprising a substantial number of the thousands of casualties.

    Millions of refugees streaming out of the beleaguered country and their horrifying tales of Russian atrocities (including rape and other acts of sexual violence against women and children), especially in the heavily devastated cities of Borodianka, Bucha, Chernihiv, Kharkiv, Mariupol, etc., have compelled the International Criminal Court (ICC) to open investigations into allegations of human rights abuses, war crimes, and crimes against humanity, on March 2, 2022. The ICC has been joined in this task by the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) – a body from which Russia was suspended on April 7, 2022 for “gross and systematic violations and abuses of human rights in Ukraine.”

    Remorselessly, Putin has vowed to press on with his self-styled “Special Operation” until its objective has been achieved, although that “objective” remains known to him and his cohorts only, even as most people continue to scratch their heads over his choice of destructive war, rather than peaceful diplomacy, as a solution to the long-running Russo-Ukraine crisis. But, had those people taken the pains to subject his utterances and gestures to close scrutiny, especially after his March 2014 brazen annexation of Ukraine’s Crimea region and its Black Sea Port of Sevastopol, their head-scratching would have long ceased. For, beyond being highly-steeped in Russian irredentism, Putin is equally woebegone in swaggering militarism.

    Retrospectively, that military swagger began in the aftermath of his subjugation of the secessionist Chechen rebels of Chechnya region in 1999 – 2000. It assumed a heightened dimension as his 2014 annexation of Crimea and Sevastopol went unchallenged by the international community – barring a few ineffective sanctions imposed by the US and its European allies. By 2018, certain military developments within Russia brought it to the level of global brinkmanship.

    On March 1, 2018, Putin delivered a presidential address to the Russian Federal Assembly, during which he announced that Russia had successfully developed and tested a new generation of advanced Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICMB) called “Sarmat,” noting that the ICBM was capable of delivering a broad range of powerful nuclear warheads, while attacking targets via both the North and South poles. Gleefully, he played a video showing its capabilities, boasting that “No other country has developed anything like this.”

    Hardly had his elated audience digested this information than he made another announcement that would send them quaking in paroxysm of awe: Russia’s exclusive possession of hypersonic missiles that travel at more than 5 times the speed of sound or Mach 5. Hear him: “Military experts believe that it (a hypersonic missile) would be extremely powerful, and that its speed makes it invulnerable to current missile and air defence systems, since interceptor missiles are, simply put, not fast enough. In this regard, it is quite understandable why the leading armies of the world seek to possess such an ideal weapon. Friends, Russia already has such a weapon.”

    With video demonstrations, he extolled the defensive and offensive capabilities of the “Tsirkon,” “Kinzhal,” and “Avangard” hypersonic missiles, noting specifically that the Avangard can reach speeds of Mach 20. And, in a thinly-veiled warning to the US and its NATO allies, he admonished: “I hope that everything that was said today would make any potential aggressor think twice … Now we have to be aware of this reality and be sure that everything I have said today is not a bluff ‒ and it is not a bluff, believe me.”

    Exuding confidence and an aura of invincibility, he concluded his address by reiterating Russia’s nuclear policy as contained in its military doctrine: “Any use of nuclear weapons against Russia or its allies, weapons of short, medium or any range at all, will be considered as a nuclear attack on this country. Retaliation will be immediate, with all the attendant consequences.”

    Some people would later say that this March 2018 presidential address, with its admonitions and threats, marked the beginning of Putin’s implacable military swagger, which culminated in his military buildup on Ukraine’s borders from October to November 2021, his subsequent gunboat diplomacy-style demand for “security guarantees” from NATO in December 2021, and his eventual declaration of war upon Ukraine on February 24, 2022.

    According to the Spanish-born American scholar, George Santayana, “Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.” President Putin has failed woefully to learn from history, and will surely pay the price of ignoring its lessons. The unenviable examples of Hitler’s Nazi Germany, the defunct Soviet Union, and the US have shown the world that great power military swagger and exhibitionism come with a curse: humiliation. And, just as the said global powers could not escape the affliction of that curse, so will Putin and Russia be afflicted by it, inescapably.

    While reminding Russians of the 1945 heroic victory of Soviet patriotic forces over the invading Nazi army, during the 2022 annual “May 9th Victory Day Parade,” President Putin reiterated his blatant lie that the invasion of Ukraine is “A forced, timely, and correct decision … A decision by a sovereign, strong, and independent country.” But, had he been a good student of history, he would have known that Hitler’s war machine had seemed invincible as it overran one European country after another, until it met its waterloo in the Soviet Union. Hence, his own military machine, which is presently rampaging across Ukraine, will be humbled by that country’s patriotic forces, eventually.

    The bitter experience of the Soviet Union in Afghanistan, between 1979 – 1989; the US’ debacle in Vietnam from 1961 – 1975, its ordeal in Iraq lasting 2003 – 2011, and its misadventure in Afghanistan spanning 2001 – 2021, should have taught President Putin a valuable lesson in great power military swagger. For, a global military power can easily thunder its way into a militarily inferior country by deploying advanced ballistic and hypersonic missiles, jet fighters and bombers, amoured tanks and howitzers, etc. But, pacifying the occupied country is another matter altogether. And, as the above-stated examples have shown, there lies the curse of great power swaggering militarism: humiliation. A 70-year old Vladimir Putin is about to learn this lesson the hard way.

     

    Dennis Onakinor, a global affairs analyst, writes from Lagos – Nigeria.  He can be reached via e-mail at dennisonakinor@yahoo.com

  • Biden accuses Putin of aiming to destroy Ukraine’s identity

    Biden accuses Putin of aiming to destroy Ukraine’s identity

    U.S. President Joe Biden on Monday accused President Vladimir Putin of Russia of trying to destroy Ukraine’s identity.

    According to Biden, this is as witnessed by Russian bombardments of civilian targets such as schools, hospitals, daycare centres and museums.

    “I believe what Putin is attempting to do is to eliminate the identity of Ukraine.

    “He can’t occupy it, but he can try to destroy its identity,’’ Biden said in Tokyo.

    Biden said that Putin must pay a dear price for his barbarism in Ukraine,’’ in order to deter others from taking similar action, in reference to military tensions around Taiwan.

    He was speaking at a joint news conference with Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida.

  • UK sanctions Vladimir Putin’s daughters

    UK sanctions Vladimir Putin’s daughters

    Vladimir Putin’s daughters have been sanctioned by Britain under measures to target the lavish lifestyles of the Russian president’s inner circle over the invasion of Ukraine.

    The Foreign Office announced travel bans and asset freezes against Katerina Vladimirovna Tikhonova and Maria Vladimirovna Vorontsova on Friday.

    Russian foreign minister, Sergei Lavrov’s daughter, Yekaterina Sergeyevna Vinokurova, also faces the same action.

    The U.S. has already sanctioned Putin’s daughters in retaliation against “war crimes’’ in Ukraine, and the European Union is expected to follow suit.

    Foreign Secretary Liz Truss said: “Our unprecedented package of sanctions is hitting the elite and their families, while degrading the Russian economy on a scale Russia hasn’t seen since the fall of the Soviet Union.

    “But we need to do more. Through the G7, we are ending the use of Russian energy and hitting Putin’s ability to fund his illegal and unjustified invasion of Ukraine.

    “Together, we are tightening the ratchet on Russia’s war machine, cutting off Putin’s sources of cash.’’

    The Foreign Office said the action is being taken to target the lavish lifestyles of the Kremlin’s inner circle.

    The action against Tikhonova, 35, Vorontsova, 36, and Vinokurova, 39, appeared on an updated sanctions list published online.

    Britain has now sanctioned more than 1,200 individuals and businesses in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine that began in February.

    It is not the first time a relative of Lavrov has been targeted, with his step-daughter Polina Kovaleva sanctioned last month.

    With 76 oligarchs among the sanctioned, the measures are in part designed to apply pressure on the Kremlin to retreat.

    But they are also seeking to seal off funds to reduce Putin’s military might, with 16 banks targeted too.

    Sanctions across Western allies have meant that 275 billion pounds of Russian foreign currency reserves, representing 60 per cent of its total, were frozen, according to the Foreign Office.

  • Pandemic Putin’ power play [3] – By Biola Sobowale

    Pandemic Putin’ power play [3] – By Biola Sobowale

    By Biola Sobowale

    “History does not repeat itself; man does” – Barbara Tuchmann, Harvard University History Professor.

    Tuchmann is the world leading historian on 13th and 14th century Europe. I read one of her books years ago; packed full with the bloodshed brought about by ambitious men (and some women) over 200 hundred years. It is difficult to fault her conclusion that human beings down the ages continue to repeat the same mistakes; commit the same blunders and water the soil with the blood of fellow humans – for vainglory.

    This third part in the series PANDEMIC PUTIN’S POWER PLAY represents an interlude for three reasons. First, as a guest on the SATURDAY VANGUARD, I don’t want to wear out my welcome. Better to leave with some applause. Second, the Russia-Ukraine War is entering a phase which is familiar to those of us who have read a lot of history of wars from times before Christ. I will describe the new phase and what we should reasonably expect from now on. Third, I want to use the break to go to the library and my books in order to improve on what went before – when I resume.

    A GLANCE AT THE PAST TWO WEEKS

    “Liars ought to have good memories” – Algernon Sydney, 1622-1683.

    Algernon lived long before Putin’s war started. So, he never knew the current Russian Foreign Minister. In part 1, readers were reminded about what I wrote about Ambassadors (including ours). “An ambassador is an honest man sent to lie abroad for his country.” (Henry Wolton). The point was made that the Russian Foreign Minister was probably never honest because dictators don’t like honest people around them.

    Turkey decided to mediate the dispute. On the eighth day of the war, the two ambassadors met in Istanbul. Most of the whole world was astonished when the Russian ambassador, with a straight face announced that “Russia has not invaded Ukraine”. I was not surprised. The man was not addressing the whole world; he was talking to Putin. His survival does not depend on what the rest of us think. It is what Putin thinks that matters to him. And, if Putin wants him to disgrace himself publicly, so be it. He will gladly do it. At any rate, in war, truth is frequently the first casualty.

    SETBACKS FOR PUTIN AND MORE BLOODSHED TO FOLLOW

    “Anybody can start a war; but, nobody can predict how and when it will end” – American Army General, 1970.

    Putin should have read WAR AND PEACE written by his late fellow countrymen, Leo Tolstoy, 1828-1910. it was about Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, 1769-1821, and his invasion of Russia. Napoleon already had most of Europe under his boots; he wanted more. Specifically, he wanted Russia added to his empire; and to make it more attractive as a prize, it was very big and very weak. It would require no more than a few weeks to subdue it. So, he marched into Russia. Two years after, as the few surviving French soldiers were heading back to France, Napoleon uttered the famous words. “From the sublime to the ridiculous is but one step.” The Russians won the war almost without firing a shot. They just made Napoleon and his mighty forces to wear themselves out.

    Putin could also have learnt from Russia’s and America’s misadventure in Afghanistan – when Russia invaded the country and was chased out by a rag-tag army of the Taliban. On that occasion, victory was also regarded as easy to procure and assured. History did not repeat itself; men did.

    Obviously, in each instance mentioned (and there are dozens in history) the invader was defeated by hubris, by complacence and the feeling that the weaker side had no alternative than to surrender. We have observed this sort of thing in Boxing tournaments. A Foreman or Mike Tyson, who had knocked out his previous opponents within five rounds, finds himself in the ring with an opponent in the seventh round. Panic sets in; fatigue also. Russia is now experiencing the consequences of over-confidence.

    UKRAINE ADOPTS GUERILLA TACTICS TO PROLONG THE WAR

    “The enemy advances; we retreat; the enemy camps; we harass; the enemy tires; we attack; the enemy retreats; we pursue“ – Late Chinese Chairman Mao Tse-tung, 1893-1976.

    Mao, the supreme revolutionary, wrote the book on guerrilla warfare and how to conduct it if one’s side cannot engage in frontal attack. Central to the strategy is patience; which means the weaker wears out the stronger by letting the conflict drag on for as long as possible. The adventure becomes more expensive than envisaged and the invader’s people suffer more than expected. This is the stage of the war in Ukraine now. It has become a waiting game.

    I am writing this interlude on Day 20 of Putin’s war. That is approximately ten days longer than Purin expected this war to last. By surrounding Ukraine with overwhelming force for weeks, before invasion, he had expected capitulation without a shot being fired. He was shocked by the defiance. Yet, all Mr Zelensky, the Ukrainian President and his military advisers did was to do to Russia in 2022, what Russia did to France over 200 years ago. They planned a methodical evacuation of the women and children to other countries; and left ghost towns and cities for the Russians.

    Furthermore, they ensured that their armed forces are scattered in small, mobile fighting units – each supplied with sophisticated weapons, missiles and deadly drones. They retreat when the Russian forces advance ( the USA and NATO keep them informed of all Russian movements); then launch an attack at the back of the Russians or ambush them; harass them when they rest and escape as fast as they could.

    This has produced two results. One, as the casualty figures reveal, the Russians have killed more civilians than Ukrainian military men. So, Ukraine has so far kept most of its fighters alive. Two, out of frustration, Putin is forced to attack more civilian structures – hospitals, residential buildings and schools. The attacks on those targets induce more global financial and military support for Ukraine and more hatred for Russians. These are two of the many unexpected consequences of the situation in which Russia finds itself now. But, there is a third one which raises long term concerns; as well as the possibility that, contrary to what most people thought after World War II, World War III might occur in this century sooner than we think.

    GERMANY RE-ARMAMENT, NEW ARMS RACE BEGINS

    “A week is a long time in politics” – British Prime Minister, Harold Wilson.

    If a week was a long time in the 1970s, when Wilson was the Prime Minoster of Great Britain, then it is like eternity now. As the war entered its 20th day, one of the most dreaded consequences occurred. Germany, which hitherto, had been trying to develop a closer relationship with Russia, had reversed itself. Remembering the old maxim, “if you want peace prepare for war”, the new German Chancellor, Olaf Scholz, this week announced that his government will increase military spending by $100bn as a prelude to making greater efforts to re-arm Germany. Scholz has not said it categorically, but Germany can see very clearly that nobody will come to its defence if Russia decides to attack. Better to take the fate of the nation in their own hands and not depend on the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, NATO or the USA.

    That shift in policy by Germany must send shock waves throughout the world – not just Europe. The world’s fourth largest economy and the biggest in Europe, has a long history which creates fear in the minds of other nations once it embarks on re-armament. In the 19th century, in the Franco-Prussian war, 1870-1871, in which Germany was led by Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, 1815-1898, was the bloodiest war ever in Europe – up to that time. Bismarck, known to history as “Iron and blood”, did not earn the nick name for nothing. He left the world with a statement carved on stone. “Not by speech-making and the decisions of majorities, will the great questions of the day be settled – that was the great mistake of 1848 and 1849 – but by iron and blood.” The world saw more razor sharp blades of bayonets spilling more blood in that war than any time in history.

    As it turned out, that was only a rehearsal. Germany was again at war during the first World War, WWI, 1914-1918. Far more blood was shed than during the previous century. When it ended a horrified world declared it “a war to end all wars”. They forgot to ask Germany.

    Adolf Hitler, German Chancellor, as we have noted in the first two parts of this series, had other ideas. World War II started in 1936 and ended in 1945 – started by Germany. Again, another world record was created in terms of “iron (read weapons) and blood (read millions of people slaughtered). If we are to rely on historical precedents, then we must conclude that every German arms build up is only waiting for a Bismarck or Hitler to start a war.

    Germany has been quiet since 1945 while other nations – US, Britain, Israel, Iran, Iraq etc — have had their turns spilling blood. And, for a while, it appeared as if, like a dormant volcano, it might never erupt again. Now comes Putin’s war; and the “giant” has woken up once again. Putin and I will probably not be around when a newly-armed Germany engages Russia for a rematch of the WWII conflict. It has the means to prepare for one.

    “Endless money forms the sinews of war” – Cicero, 106-43 BC.

    Putin now reminds me of the big bully who once picked a fight with a smaller fellow years ago. In the process of fighting, they woke up the strongest man in the neighbourhood. The first person he dealt a dirty slap was the bully. German re-armament is not aimed at Ukraine, Belgium, Finland etc. Russia will receive the first slap when it is ready.

    Because endless money usually can procure a lot of arms Russia is at a distinct disadvantage. Germany is richer. Its Gross Domestic Product is $3.693 trillion compared with Russia’s $1.578 trillion. Germany has decided to use its enormous economic advantage to pursue balance of power in Europe in order to secure peace for itself. Unfortunately, the verdict of history does not support Russia or Germany. Here is the reason.

    “If the phrase of the ‘balance of power’ is to be always an argument for war, the pretence for war will never be wanting, and peace can never be secure.”

    John Bright, 1811-1889. Speech in the House of Commons, March 31, 1854.

    Putin might have inadvertently started a German against Russian war in the future by invading Ukraine now.

    WHAT TO EXPECT FROM PUTIN’S WAR

    “It is possible to forecast anything except the future.” Neils Bohr, 1885-1962.

    I agree with Bohr, a Danish physicist, up to a point. Nobody can accurately forecast everything in the future. But, human beings, in times of great uncertainties and danger, still want to have some idea about what to expect tomorrow or next month or next year etc in order to make decisions today. That is why we have history and experience to guide us – however imperfectly. So, below briefly are some of the things we should expect.

    1. Unless Russia can secure victory within a few weeks, Putin will become more desperate than he is right now; and a wider war might follow. Already, Russian forces, finding the Ukranians tougher to subdue than expected are attacking civilians – women and children. That is a demonstration of cowardice (Tyson biting his opponents ear); not courage. They are also committing war crimes. That means they are demoralised.

    2. In today’s world of instant reporting of battles, billions of people worldwide are witnessing Russian atrocities – LIVE. The country is rapidly becoming a pariah nation. Others will want to dissociate themselves from it.

    3. Putin had better win this war. Otherwise, he will soon discover that nobody can play god at will. His place in history is already mostly decided. The Russian economy has been clobbered. It is ranked number eleven today; it will certainly slide after this and remain lower in rank for years. Some of the multi-nationals which left will not return soon.

    More importantly, in less than twenty years, Germany might become, once again, the strongest military power in Europe. Prepare for World War III.

    4. A global economic recession will follow the disruption of commercial activities all over the world. No country ever enjoys the cooperation of the world for getting everybody in trouble.

    5. Nigeria, already facing enormous challenges, before Putin’s war will move closer to the brink of disaster – unless drastic steps are taken to stimulate the economy. As has been said in the past, every crisis contains a mixture of problems and opportunities. We still have opportunities waiting to be exploited. For instance, we don’t have as much housing shortage as we think. We can crash rents and put more money in peoples’ pockets to stimulate aggregate demand and consumption. The Federal Government can increase revenue generated considerably and reduce imports.

    6. This war will not solve any problem; most likely, it will create new ones. It is the wrong war, in the wrong place and wrong time; as well as wrong reason. Mankind’s search for perpetual peace will not come to an end as a result of this war. Certainly not.

    LAST LINE: I take a break, unless there is a significant development.

  • Mr. Putin is Nearby – By Chidi Amuta

    Mr. Putin is Nearby – By Chidi Amuta

    By Chidi Amuta

    The military junta in Mali recently chased away the French ambassador to the country. In quick response to a degenerating reciprocal diplomatic nastiness, President Emmanuel Macron ordered the withdrawal of a French stabilization force of over 3500 from Mali. The French troops had in 2013 gone to save the government in Bamako from being toppled by Islamic jihadists advancing from its northern regions and poised to overrun the country. The French troops quickly neutralized the jihadist advance and saved Mali from becoming an Islamic fundamentalist state.

    Quite significantly, the Bamako junta has quickly signed on a contingent of 1000 Russian mercenaries to replace the withdrawing French troops. The Russian mercenaries came from the infamous Wagner Group which enjoys the support and patronage of the Kremlin and corporate Russia. The Wagner Group is backed Yevgeny Prigozhin, Putin’s intimate friend.

    The Group is reportedly also in cahoots with cells of the Russian Mafia. In the raging Ukraine invasion, for instance, a contingent of 400 mercenaries from the Wagner Group were dispatched to infiltrate into Kyiv for the sole aim of assassinating President Zelensky. Ukrainian intelligence uncovered the plot and it has been frustrated so far. Undeterred, Moscow is reportedly in the process of increasing the Ukraine Wagner Group mercenary task force to 1000, to carry out various destabilization operations in the light of the frustration of the Russian mission in Ukraine.

    The Russian mercenaries in Mali are merely an expeditionary force tacitly supported by the Kremlin to probe a strategic opening in the region. With close links to Russian intelligence and big business, the Wagner Group mercenaries are out to explore new areas of strategic vulnerability and declining Western influence in troubled spots around the world.

    In the short run, the Russian mercenaries are likely to neutralize the jihadist menace in Mali and wherever else they go in West Africa, making their services an attractive security option to more troubled countries. These would be countries from which the French may still withdraw or those with ineffective national security apparatus.

    The Russian mercenaries may however have a wider interest than instant cash payments for their services. In return for securing vital mineral locations, they might negotiate mineral prospecting rights and contracts for major Russian corporations. If the venture becomes lucrative, an ambitious and aggressive Moscow might see an opening to expand its strategic influence in West Africa if only to fill the gap being left by a major West European power.

    If what is happening in Mali is an indication of the direction of developments in West Africa’s French speaking states, the presence of Moscow inspired mercenaries and hordes of Chinese contractors and free lance minerals marauders in the region could herald a tectonic shift in the strategic character of the region.

    French speaking countries bordering the Sahel have recently begun to witness a systematic reduction in French influence and support. Social and economic circumstances are worsening as France curtails its economic support for its erstwhile colonies. Islamic jihadist insurgents have recently ramped up pressure on these countries, squeezing their weakened security forces.

    In turn, their fragile democratic governments are being systematically overthrown by ambitious military adventurists. In quick succession, Mali, Guinea, Burkina Faso and Chad have all recently witnessed military coups. In each case, the cocktail of justifications by coup makers have included the bad handling of jihadist insurgency and terrorist pressure by elected governments.

    As French troops leave Mali in an untidy haste, the possibility that French military stabilization forces in the other West African countries could- also decline is clear and present. French domestic opinion in an election year is against continued support for its long -standing African former colonies and dependencies. There has of late been a general weariness about the continuation of colonial liabilities among the French populace.

    The return of military juntas in the region is a convenient reason for a weary France to pull support from its prodigal African dependents. After all, military regimes are anti democratic and a major European country like France can use this string of new dictatorships in former colonies as enough reason to cut off or drastically aid and support. Clearly, the resurgence of political instability in French West Africa as evidenced in these silly coups is a product of two major factors: a reduction in France’s interest and support and security pressure from increasing Islamic jihadist armed activity in the Sahel.

    The Sahel has since been recognized as a strategic nightmare for West Africa, Europe and indeed the rest of the world that is worried by the expansion of Islamic jihadist violence. Similarly, illegal migration of unskilled Africans across the Meditarennean with transit through the Sahel remains a headache for Europe. The Sahel is a hostile, barren, poverty stricken and unstable zone that spans many West African countries. Guinea, Mali, Cote d”Ivoire, Chad, Niger, Burkina Faso and Nigeria are all in the direct footprints of the Sahel.

    By all estimates, the Sahel has become the world headquarters of jihadist terrorism. In 2021, the Global Terrorism Index reported that half of all those killed in terrorist attacks worldwide were from sub Saharan Africa with the Sahel recording the highest figures. The Institute for Economics and Peace records that the Sahel accounts for 35% of the sub Saharan terrorist casualties. By most accounts, the leading jihadist group affiliated to al- Queda in the region is Jama’t Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin. In different countries in the Sahel, this umbrella group goes by different local names and parades diverse iterations.

    In all of these countries, the spread of Islamic jihadist terrorism has in recent years complicated the task of individual national security and bedeviled regional strategic stability. In addition to the armed jihadist activity, these countries are all subject to the impact of climate change induced by the southward expansion of the Sahara desert . Drought has shrunk agricultural land. Agricultural communities have gotten poorer. There has been a forced southward migration of large populations and increased unenemp;oyment. Many of the unemployed and hungry youth have joined violent jihadist movements thereby destabilizing some the countries.

    Mali has set a dangerous precedent. The junta in Bamako has used the face off with France as a distraction from its reluctance to honour previous pledges to hand over power to elected democratic rulers. The Mali precedent is that of replacing a colonial military presence with rogue mercenary elements from Russia. The possibility that the other juntas in the neigbourhood could buy into the propaganda and seek Russian help against their own jihadists is within the zone of possibility.

    This development is coming at a time when France is actively re-assessing its relationship with its former colonies. The economic benefits have shrunk. The cultural affinity is dying. The security assistance budget is getting too bloated for a France that is faced with severe economic challenges at home.

    The impression that France’s Mali disconnection has created goes beyond a quarrel between a former colony and its old master. It signals an impending shrinkage in a major Western interest in West Africa. For historical reasons, there is hardly any other Western contender that could fill the vacuum that France could leave in its West African former colonies. And in the context of present day global power competition, Russia and China are ever so eager to rush into strategic spaces vacated by the West. The new contest in world affairs is between the liberal democratic West and an ambitious autocratic alliance of China and Russia. Western appetite for foreign markets and sources of raw materials is declining while China is hungry for a global sphere of influence. Russia, a rogue ambitious state thrives on dark schemes involving arms and violence in vulnerable places.

    The Chinese are already copiously present in West Africa as contractors, concessionary lenders of funds for development and vendors of different wares. They are involved in financing and actual execution of major infrastructure projects ranging from railroads to airports, highways and bridges. Russia does not have credit or technical aid to export. But it has excess capacity in terms of redundant Soviet era veterans, an array mothballed military hardware and major corporations with an appetite for mineral rights, raw materials for their industries and government contracts. Cash strapped West African countries that cannot defend themselves in spite of their large standing armies are easy prey to such nefarious Russian influence. The danger of an expansion of Russian influence could become real in the event that more West African countries collapse into a heap of insecurity and economic hopelessness.

    Russian influence in Africa remains sporadic and uncoordinated but cannot be ignored as a significant part of the strategic future of the continent. 2019- inaugural Russia-Africa Summit in Sochi attended by 43 African countries. It was a forum for Mr. Putin to critique the West’s policies towards Africa. Nonetheless, Russia’s trade with Africa is only 2% of Africa’s goods trade with the rest of the world. A Russian bank VEB now under Western sanctions is a share holder in the African Development Bank. Even then, Russia’s economic and military interest and roles in some African fragile states remains substantial. Russia is the largest arms supplier to African countries, a net extractor of mineral and other resources and a prop for fragile even if unpopular regimes.

    Central African Republic is host to 2000 Wagner mercenaries where they are protecting the government from being overrun by rebels. They are being paid in gold and diamonds. In Guinea, Rusal, a major Russian aluminum company has three mines which supplied their factories in Ukraine, now closed, with bauxite from mines in Guinea. The junta in Guinea has chased away the Ukrainian envoy in the country to placate Mr. Putin.

    On March 2nd, the UN General Assembly voted on Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Of the 54 African member states, 28 voted against Russia while 17 abstained and 8 refused to show up. Towards Russia or more precisely the old Soviet Union, some elite nostalgia still exists in some African countries. Many of the first and second generation African elite in the days of the Cold War studied in the USSR. Ideological nostalgia towards the ‘evil empire’ is strongest in places like Mozambique, Angola, Zimbabwe, Namibia and South Africa where political parties that pioneered the independence and anti racist struggles were backed by the old Soviet Union. This does not signal an unconditional love for the West among African nations. African countries are yet to forget the Western destabilization of Libya in 2011.

    For Nigeria, the last decade has witnessed a resilient insecurity, insurgency and jihadist criminality. Boko Haram has been joined by ISWAP in an unholy alliance that does not bode well for Nigeria. Their combined force has made the insecurity in parts of the North east even more problematic and intractable. Over a decade has gone by and no one can see the end of the insurgency in parts of northern Nigeria. A new wave of banditry and various iterations of casual terrorists now provide Boko Haram and ISWAP with captives. Between an outright counter insurgency war and what ought to be a crime control operation against free lance bandits lately branded terrorists by Abuja, no one knows the dividing line any more.

    The seemingly intractable nature of these challenges has tempted many otherwise sensible political leaders and opinion leaders to throw up the mercenary option. It no longer matters to anyone that the mercenary option implies a tacit vote of no confidence in Nigeria’s large security forces on whom so much resources have been committed in the last 10 years and more. In the public perception, all the big generals and their dazzling medals, the sophisticated aircraft, fleets of armoured personnel carriers and assorted weapons seem to have been neutralized by bands of roving untrained rag tag terrorists. The call for the engagement of mercenaries is therefore a cry of helplessness and desperation.

    As part of this sad twist to our narrative, the Jonathan administration in 2014 briefly engaged some South African mercenaries in the fight against Boko Haram just before the 2015 elections. No one can say for certain how effective this gambit was. Recently, Mr. Zulum, the Governor of Borno State, which is the epicenter of jihadist terrorism and insurgency in Nigeria, has advocated the engagement of mercenaries to contain the expanding influence of the insurgents. This governor has been in the front line of the ravages of the terrorists and is perhaps in the best position to offer a realistic assessment of how things stand.

    For the avoidance of doubt, the factors that have made the mercenary option attractive to Mali are arguably present in Nigeria as well. Government security agencies that appear to be in disarray. Pressure from jihadist forces that seem unrelenting and increasingly audacious. Unmanned mining fields of solid mineral scattered in ungoverned spaces of states with failing governance structures. The presence of diverse foreign adventurers and rogue miners who arrange their own security and make illicit deals with local chieftains, state officials and rogue official security agents. Corruption within the official security establishment which is sabotaging genuine efforts at containing the jihadist onslaught. There is the reality of local populations who are beginning to find more protection in the hands of the jihadists than in the hands of government security forces. Local populations that are being forced to shift their allegiance and pay taxes and tributes to jihadist terror gangs who are more present than distant official security forces.

    In this chaotic and dangerous atmosphere which is prevalent in many parts of Nigeria’s North West, if Russian mercenaries get a strong political nod from Nigerian leaders, they could become a ready alternative to our armed and security forces. In the event that the toxic proposition of engaging mercenaries acquires enough political support and traction, we may find ourselves playing host to thousands of Russian agents and combatants in the troubled parts of the country. In that event, if Vladimir Putin comes calling on Abuja for any reason, our politicians may find it expedient to welcome him to Maiduguri as our new partner in national and regional security.

  • Moscow offers ceasefire in Ukraine as talks continue

    Moscow offers ceasefire in Ukraine as talks continue

    Russia is offering a fresh Ukraine ceasefire for Tuesday, Moscow’s Ambassador to the United Nations Vasily Nebenzya said, amid efforts to get civilians to safety.

    Speaking at the UN Security Council in New York, Nebenzya read from a statement from the authorities in Moscow.

    It offered a ceasefire from 10 am Moscow time (0700 GMT) on Tuesday to open a humanitarian corridor or corridors to evacuate citizens from Kiev, Chernihiv, Sumy, Kharkiv and Mariupol.

    It also included an offer to evacuate Ukrainian cities to the west of Kiev.

    There were small but positive steps in improving logistics for the humanitarian corridors in embattled cities, Ukrainian official, Mykhailo Podolyak said after a third round of negotiations with Moscow.

    Representatives of the two countries met for a new round of peace talks in Belarus on Monday, on the 12th day of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

    Russian negotiator, Vladimir Medinsky said there should be a new attempt on Tuesday to get people to safety via the corridors.

    However, he expressed overall disappointment after the meeting.

    “The expectations were not met,’’ Medinsky told Russian state television.

    The Russian side brought a number of prepared documents to the negotiations.

    The Ukrainians did not want to sign anything, but took the papers for examination.

    According to Medinsky, another round of negotiations is expected soon, during which the agreements can be put in writing.

    The head of the Ukrainian delegation, David Arakhamia, on Sunday had rejected Russia’s central demand for any peace agreement as not acceptable in an interview with Fox News.

    Russia demanded that the Crimean Peninsula, which it annexed in 2014, be formally ceded to Russia.

    In addition, it wanted the regions of Luhansk and Donetsk, controlled by pro-Russian separatists, recognised as independent states by Kiev.

    Moscow was also demanding the complete “demilitarisation’’ of Ukraine and that it became a neutral buffer state.

    Ukraine’s Foreign Minister, Dmytro Kuleba confirmed plans that would meet his Russian counterpart Sergei Lavrov in Turkey this week.

    “Currently the March 10, is planned. Let’s see if he flies to Antalya, then I’ll fly too. Let’s sit down, let’s talk,’’ Kuleba said in a video message.

    Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlüt Cavusoglu had previously said both sides were expected in the Turkish city of Antalya on Thursday.

    The talks were likely to take place with Cavusoglu in a three-way format.

    Meanwhile, the Ukrainian ambassador to Israel said that Jerusalem could be a venue for high-level talks between the two sides to end the war, telling reporters in Tel Aviv that Ukraine saw Israel as a close friend.

    Ukrainian President, Volodymyr Zelensky vowed to remain in the country’s capital in spite of the ongoing fighting there.

    “I am staying in Kiev,’’ he said in a video message.

    He said he would not hide and wasn’t afraid of anyone.

    “Today is the twelfth night of our struggle, our defence. We are all on site, everyone is working. Everyone where he has to. I’m in Kiev, my team is with me,’’ Zelensky added.

    As the fighting in Ukraine continued, at least 13 civilians were killed during a Russian airstrike to the west of Kiev on Monday.

    Russian troops were stationed to the north-west of Kiev and are trying to advance on the capital from the west.

    Authorities in Ukraine’s second city Kharkiv announced that 133 civilians were known to have died in the city since the start of the war.

    A further 76 Ukrainian military personnel had also died in fighting in the city.

    The total number of civilians killed in the Ukraine had risen to at least 406, according to UN figures announced on Monday.

    In spite of the evidence to the contrary, Russia maintained that no civilian targets in Ukraine were being attacked by its troops.

    Elsewhere in Ukraine, Russian troops took control of the airport in the southern city of Mykolaiv on Monday but was back in Ukrainian hands just a few hours later, according to Mykolaiv Oblast Governor Vitaly Kim.

    Meanwhile, a senior U.S. Defence Department official said Washington would be sending another 500 soldiers to Germany, Greece, Poland and Romania to reinforce its presence in Europe.

    Among other things, their task would be to support efforts to protect NATO airspace.

    In New York, the U.S. ambassador to the UN told an emergency meeting on the humanitarian situation in Ukraine that the United States expected an ongoing conflict in Ukraine.

    “We are concerned that the world needs to be prepared for very long and very difficult road ahead,’’ Linda Thomas-Greenfield said.

    In Washington, the World Bank said it had mobilised some 720 million dollars in loans and aid to help the Kiev government provide critical services to Ukrainian people amid Russia’s war on the country.

    The bank’s board of executive directors on Monday, approved a supplemental budget support package including a supplemental loan for 350 million dollars and 139 million dollars in guarantees.

  • Former Ukrainian president, Yanukovych urges Zelensky to give up

    Former Ukrainian president, Yanukovych urges Zelensky to give up

    Former Ukrainian president, Viktor Yanukovych, has urged head of state Volodymyr Zelensky to give up in the war against Russia.

    “You personally are obliged to stop the bloodshed and reach a peace agreement at any cost,” the pro-Moscow politician wrote in a message circulated by Russian state agency Ria Novosti on Tuesday.

    “This is what Ukraine, the Donbass and Russia expect from you,” he said, adding that Kiev’s partners in the West would also welcome such a move.

    Yanukovych, who is considered extremely corrupt, was toppled by pro-Western demonstrators in 2014.

    Since then, the 71-year-old had been living in exile in Russia.

    In his home country, he was sentenced in absentia to 13 years in prison for treason.

    Ukrainian media recently reported that the Kremlin wanted to reinstate Yanukovych as president.

    Ukrainian President Zelensky vows to remain in Kiev

    Meanwhile, President Volodymyr Zelensky has vowed to remain in the Ukrainian capital Kiev inspite of the ongoing fighting there.

    “I am staying in Kiev,” he said in a video message.

    He said he would not hide and wasn’t afraid of anyone.

    “Today is the 12th night of our struggle, our defence.

    “We are all on site, everyone is working, everyone is where he has to.

    “I’m in Kiev, my team is with me,” Zelensky added.

    According to the presidential office, Zelensky has recalled Ukrainian soldiers serving on foreign missions.

    “The highly professional military would be needed in the fight against Russian aggression,” the statement said.

    According to Ukrainian media, the country is involved in operations in Kosovo, Congo and Ivory Coast.

    Zelensky said talks with Russia would continue.

    “We are realists, that’s why we’re going to talk.

    “We will insist on negotiations until we find a way to say to our people, this is how we come to peace.

    “Every day of fighting creates better conditions for Ukraine,” he said.

  • Ukrainians are not prepared for ultimatums – Zelenskyy

    Ukrainians are not prepared for ultimatums – Zelenskyy

    As the invasion of Ukraine by Russian troops enter its day 12, President Volodymyr Zelenskyy of Ukraine on Monday said the Ukrainians are not prepared for ultimatums.

     

    He noted that the path to peace is “more difficult than simply acknowledging” another ultimatum from Russian President Vladimir Putin.

    The Ukraine President asserted that he would stay in his country for the duration of the war.

    Zelenskyy responded, “It is more difficult than simply acknowledging them (3 conditions to end the war), this is another ultimatum and we are not prepared for ultimatums.

    “But we have the possible solution resolution for these three items, key items, what needs to be done is for President Putin to start talking. Start the dialogue instead of living in the information bubble without oxygen.

    “I think that’s where he is. He is in this bubble. He’s getting this information and you don’t know how realistic that information is that he’s getting.”

    3 CONDITIONS TO END RUSSIA/UKRAINE WAR

    • Ukraine must give up on joining NATO.

    • Recognize Crimea as part of Russia.

    • Recognize the independence of two separatist regions in the east.

  • Ukraine denies admitting foreigners to wage war against Russia

    Ukraine denies admitting foreigners to wage war against Russia

    Ukraine has denied admitting foreign volunteers to wage war against Russia after Vladimir Putin ordered invasion of the country.

    TheNewsGuru.com (TNG) reports Ukraine also clarified requesting $1,000 from Nigerian volunteers for air ticket and visa, denying the claim as well.

    This was contained in a statement released on Monday by the Spokesperson to Nigeria’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Francisca K. Omayuli (Mrs).

    According to the statement, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs contacted the Ukrainian Embassy in Nigeria following reports of ongoing registration of Nigerian volunteers into the fighting force of Ukraine at the Embassy in Abuja, Nigeria’s federal capital.

    The Ukrainian Embassy refuted the allegation, but confirmed that a number of Nigerians had approached the Embassy indicating their willingness to fight on the side of Ukraine in its ongoing conflict with Russia.

    The Ministry in the statement argued that Nigeria discourages the use of mercenaries anywhere in the world and will not tolerate the recruitment, in Nigeria, of Nigerians as mercenaries to fight in Ukraine or anywhere else in the world.

    The statement reads: “The attention of the Federal Government of Nigeria has been drawn to an alleged ongoing registration of Nigerian volunteers into the fighting force of Ukraine at the Ukrainian Embassy in Abuja.

    “The Ministry of Foreign Affairs contacted the Embassy to verify the speculation. The Ukrainian Embassy refuted the allegation, but confirmed that a number of Nigerians had approached the Embassy indicating their willingness to fight on the side of Ukraine in its ongoing conflict with Russia.

    “Furthermore, the Embassy clarified that the Ukrainian government is not admitting foreign volunteer fighters and as such dissociated itself from the claim that it is requesting $1,000 from each Nigerian volunteer for air ticket and visa.

    “As a responsible member of the international community and consistent with our obligations under international law, Nigeria discourages the use of mercenaries anywhere in the world and will not tolerate the recruitment, in Nigeria, of Nigerians as mercenaries to fight in Ukraine or anywhere else in the world.

    “The Federal Government will continue to engage with the Embassy of Ukraine in Nigeria and other relevant authorities to prevent this possibility”.